Societies go through multiple stages in their social history, facing difficulties and challenges at all stages of their development. The factors of decline lie within societies themselves, their social systems, and the way people and rulers think, behave, and behave. Any negative change within these societies provides the groundwork for collapse and downfall. This is what we see in literary production, where the novelist draws on the foundations and pillars of society. Thus, studying and analyzing society has become an urgent and indispensable necessity. Among the most important writers who have focused on society and its people, depicting its features in their literature is Sanaa Al-Shaalan, whose novel "Oblivion Overtook Her" sparked a cry in the faces of tyrants, oppressors, and opportunists. In this article, the researchers aim to study the factors of society's downfall and highlight them in the aforementioned novel, using a descriptive-analytical approach and Orlov's approach. One of the most important findings of the article is that all the factors of downfall were present except for the commercial aspect. On the political side, corrupt and tyrannical policies played an effective role in the downfall of society and created a state of alienation, anxiety, fear, and apathy, as they robbed individuals of their freedom and dignity. On the social cohesion side, the imbalance in relationships and the social fabric became apparent, to the point that the family appeared disintegrated and failed, forcing women to relinquish their rights and deviate from their constructive positions.